materijali u gradjevinarstvu
Četvrtak, Novembar 20, 2008
Azbest je građevinski materijal koji se u prošlosti mnogo koristio u izgradnji objekata. Uz dodatak cementa i vode izrađivale su se azbestno-cementne ploče i cevi različitih dimenzija i profila. Ploče su se izrađivale u raznim oblicima ,a poznatije su kao ravne i valovite (salonit) ploče. Ravne ploče su se proizvodile u različitim dimenzijama i debljinama. Ovakva vrsta ravnih azbestno-cementnih ploča korišćena je masovno u građevinarstvu za opšivanje raznih fasada, plafona prostorija za stanovanje, specifičnih fabrika, radionica, baraka za stanovanje ili farmi životinja i u našoj zemlji. Gradili su se i stambeni višespratni objekti gde su se ravne ploče koristile za oblaganje zidova, pokrivanje krova i šire. Za pokrivanje krova su korišćene razne vrste pokrivača na azbestnoj osnovi, a neke su: salonit, salonitka, eternit itd. Nazivi su zavisili od proizvođača. Zbog svoje žilavosti, male težine, i velike sigurnosti od udara vetra i prodiranja vode, u prošlom veku ovi materijali su masovno ugrađivani u Severnoj Americi i zemljama Zapadne Evrope odakle se smatra da je došao i u našu zemlju. Prednost ploča se nalazila u velikoj pokrivnoj površini jedne ploče, maloj težini po m2, brzini montiranja i lakog održavanja i zamene u slučaju pucanja tj. mestimičnog oštećenja. Nedostatak je bilo lako oštećenje, relativno kratak vek kao i kancerogeno dejstvo ovog materijala. Pored ploča proizvodile su se vodovodne i kanalizacione cevi različitih profila i oblika. U bivšoj SFRJ proizvodnju ovih materijala imala je Republika Slovenija, Republika Hrvatska i Republika Makedonija. Neke su prestale sa proizvodnjom pre 20 godina, a pojedine čekaju svoje zatvaranje. U SAD pre 30 godina je objavljeno istraživanje da je azbest izuzetno kancerogen i opasan materijal po čoveka i okolinu. Istraživanja su pokazala da porodice koje su stanovale u objektima izgrađenim od ovih materijala ili ljudi koji su bili u dodiru sa njima u velikom broju su oboleli od karcinoma pluća, udisanjem čestica iz ovih materijala. Nakon ovih ispitivanja u SAD-u je donešen zakon o zabrani upotrebe materijala na azbestnoj osnovi, zatvorene su sve fabrike i počelo se sa rušenjem objekata od ovog materijala. Nakon toga došlo je do zabrane korišćenja i ugradnje i u Evropi. U bivšoj SFRJ mnoge porodice su živele u objektima izgrađenim od ovog materijala, a mnoge i danas žive u njima. U našoj zemlji u mnogo objekata je ugrađen ovaj materijal u bilo kom obliku, a nema inicijative da se ovako opasni materijali po čoveka uklone i prestanu ugrađivati i uvoziti. Nekoliko hiljada fabrika u svetu je zatvoreno tokom prošlog veka zbog više hiljada stotina obolelih od karcinoma. Hiljade objekata je srušeno u svetu u kojima je bio ugrađen ovaj materijal.
Koliko naših sugrađana još uvek živi u objektima koji imaju u svom sadržaju ovaj opasan materijal?
Da li neko nešto preduzima u našoj državi povodom ovog problema ?
(#)
Treba malo više discipline uvesti u sve sfere društva. Odjednom i oštro, odlučno. Ali pitam se ima li ko da to uradi.
Čikić, pa još o građevinarstvu... Nešto mi je poznato, ali ne znam ima li Čikić vremena za pisanje bloga :).
Da li je moguce da se to radi?
Danas se kod nas bez problema u zgrade stavlja manje materijala nego sto je propisano, a gradjevinari nista ne postuju jer sa mito reda velicine stana mogu i na ulici da zidaju, tako da meterijali nemaju mnogo uticaja.
Danas se kod nas bez problema u zgrade stavlja manje materijala nego sto je propisano, a gradjevinari nista ne postuju jer sa mito reda velicine stana mogu i na ulici da zidaju, tako da meterijali nemaju mnogo uticaja.
Danas se kod nas bez problema u zgrade stavlja manje materijala nego sto je propisano, a gradjevinari nista ne postuju jer sa mito reda velicine stana mogu i na ulici da zidaju, tako da meterijali nemaju mnogo uticaja.
Kod nas gradjevinari ugradjuju manje materijala nego sto je standardima propisano. Tako da nema mnogo veze od cega zidaju kada svakako ne rade kako treba.
Pusti ti to, šta ćemo mi za gas? :-))))))))
materijali u gradjevinarstvu
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